Glossary of Japanese Hawking Terms

Agake — A passage hawk.

Agetaka — The method of flying peregrines (i.e., waiting on).

Akage —A passage hawk.

Aodaka — Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis).

Arai-ryu — A method of training hawks (lit., the Arai method).

Ashikawa — A jess.

Chôchin-ami — A net cage, for holding bait; used with a kiri ami.

Daihoko — Screen perch, esp. a large screen perch.

Edo-ryu — A method of training hawks (lit., the Tokyo method).

Egôshi — A small box, often with a lacquered surface, from which a goshawk is fed; the food box.

Esashi — A person whose job was to procure food for trained hawks.

Essai — Male sparrowhawk (Accipiter virgatus).

Fuseginu — A cloth jacket, stiffened with slender pieces of bamboo, used to hold a newly trapped hawk while the beak and talons are coped.

Fusego — A low cylindrical basket used for transporting newly caught hawks, or freshly taken eyasses.

Gôdaka — Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis).

Goryoba — A hunting preserve.

Haitaka — Female sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus).

Hashidaka — Sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus).

Hatobukuro — A cloth bag, used for carrying live pigeons in the field.

Hayabusa — Peregrine (Falco peregrinmus).

Hoko — A screen perch.

Ikebukuro- A sack for carrying live sparrows, etc., in the field.

Inukaibe — The office, established by Emperor Senka, to train dogs to hunt with hawks.

Jiboko — A low perch, used for partly fledged eyasses.

Kasumi-ami — A mist net; a very light black net used for catching small birds.

Kiriheo — A light creance with a swan's feather attached to the end.

Kiri-ami — A net for catching hawks.

Konori — Male sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus).

Kuchiekago — A small basket used for carrying dead birds (especially sparrows) which were fed to a sparrowhawk in the field.

Kumataka — Hawk-eagle (Spizaëtus nipalensis).

Maribato — A pigeon which has been dressed; the entrails are removed and the breast muscles exposed. Mizunawa-A waxed silk cord by which a hawk is held when it bathes.

Muchi — A piece of wisteria, frayed at one end so as to form a stiff brush. It is used to brush pieces of meat from the hawk's feathers.

Musubi — A leather loop with a swivel, which form part of the ốo (leash)

Netsuke — A short bamboo piece attached to the leather straps on the egôshi (or its case). By tucking the netsuke under his belt, the falconer carries the egóshi.

Nose, No sue — The act of carrying the hawk in the field.

Okinawa — A creance of tightly twisted silk.

Oo — A leash.

Otaka — Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis).

Sudaka (Sutaka) — An eyass.

Suzu — A bell.

Suzuita — A bell-plate, which lies on top of the deck feathers (median tail feathers) of a goshawk; it serves as a sounding board for the bell, and prevents the bell from falling between the deck feathers.

Taka — A generic term for hawks.

Takabako — A dark box in which a hawk is kept during the period of manning and training.

Takaefugo — An early type of food basket.

Takagoya — A hawk-house.

Takakaibe (Takakambe) — The Imperial Office of Hawking established by Emperor Nintoku.

Takajo — A falconer.

Toya — A generic term referring to a building where fowl are kept. A hawk-house is sometimes called a toya.

Toyadaka — A haggard hawk.

Tsumi — Female sparrowhawk (Accipiter virgatus).

Watari — Calling a hawk to the fist.

Yozue — Carrying a hawk at night.

Zai — A thirty-inch stick to which is attached a tassel of white or red strips, used when flying falcons.

Literature Cited

Boyer, Abel and Maurice Planiol. 1948. Traité de Fauconnerie et Autourserie. Payot, Paris, 283 pp.

Carnie, S. K. 1956. Some notes on Japanese hawking equipment. Falconry News and Notes, The Journal of the Falconry Club of America, vol. I, no. 7: 8-14.

Cerfon, C. 1887. De la Basse Volerie et du Dressage Practique de l'Autour & de l'Épervier. Vincennes. 165 pp.

Epstein, Hans J. 1943. The Origin and Earliest History of Falconry. Isis, vol. 34, pt. 6: 497-509.

Harting, J. E. 1879. Hawking in Japan. The Field, for October 18, 1879, p. 513

———— . 1891. Bibliotheca Accipitraria, a Catalogue of Books, Ancient and Modern, Relating to Falconry. Bernard Quaritch. London. xxviii + 289 pp.

Illingworth, Frank. 1947. Falcons and Falconry. Blandford Press Limited. London. III pp.

Jameson, Eiko, and E. W. Jameson, Jr. 1958. Hunting with the Japanese Hawk-eagle or Kumataka. Falconry News and Notes, The Journal of the Falconry Club of America, vol. 2, no. 1: 21-23.

Jameson, E. W., Jr. 1960. A Glimpse of Japanese Hawking. The Falconer, The Journal of the British Falconers' Club, vol. 3, no. 6:

MacPherson, H. A. 1897. A History of Fowling. David Douglas, Edinburgh. liv + 511 pp.

Nakajima, Kinya. 1961. [Japanese Hawking.] Nature, vol. vii, no. 1: 8-10; no. 2: 5-8. (In Japanese.)

Price, Willard. 1937. Hawking, Royal Sport in Japan. The Sportsman, May, 1937: 38-41, 69, 70.

Schlegel, H. and A. H. Verster de Wulverhorst. 1844-1853. Traité de Fauconnerie. Leiden and Dusseldorf.

Udagawa, Tatsuo. 1958. Ancient Art of Falconry. Asia Scene, vol. 3, no. 3: 24-26.

Vögele, Hans-Heinrich. 1931. Die Falknerei, eine enthnographische Darstellung. J. Neumann, Neudamm. x+106 pp.